Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender, and there are no articles. Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment. Japanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with relatively simple phonotactics, a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent. Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered the language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as the Ainu, Austroasiatic, Koreanic, and the now-discredited Altaic, but none of these proposals has gained widespread acceptance. Japanese belongs to the Japonic or Japanese- Ryukyuan language family. Japanese ( 日本語, Nihongo, ( listen)) is spoken as a native language by about 128 million people, primarily Japanese people and primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. However, you will need to re-enter your password as a form of verification when making reservations, requesting awards, registering/revising personal information, and using other members-only functions.Nucl1643 excluding Hachijo, Tsugaru, and Kagoshima If the cookie is disabled, you cannot login.īy checking the Keep Me Logged In box on the login screen, you will not need to re-enter your membership number or password for subsequent logins. The customer number and password provided through the Members Only Top Page will be transmitted through SSL. When using members only functions such as booking a flight, you will be required to re-enter your customer number and password if your session has elapsed approximately 60 minutes since login. To do so, select Manage Profile from My Menu, then select Change Password and complete the procedures. It is recommended to change your password frequently. Please manage your ANA Number and password with care. To protect your personal information from a third party, when using a computer that others may have access to, we recommend that you log out after your session.
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